From koine to standard: the early modern origin of a key linguistic term

Abstract In this paper, I explore the early history of word standard as a linguistic term, arguing that it came to compete with designation common language in seventeenth century. The latter phrase was, turn, formed by ideas on Greek koine during Renaissance and appears have been first widely used collocation referring language-like entity. order sketch evolution, discuss premodern koine. Then, attempt outline how intuitive comparison vernacular norms were being increasingly regulated resulted development concept language, termed lingua communis Latin (a calque hē koinḕ diálektos ), sixteenth This highlighted communicative functionality vernaculars, which codified grammars dictionaries. Scholars contrasted these languages regional dialects, had limited reach terms communication. distinction received social evaluative connotation century, created need for terminological alternatives; an popular option competing was , variously combined tongue English authors from about 1650 onwards, especially Protestant circles, where vernaculars tended play more prominent role than Catholic areas. Of major importance evolution work usage poet John Dryden (1631–1700). essay uncovers key while also presenting case study shows impact rediscovery heritage studies Western Europe, through term .